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POSTSCRIPT

As a result of the response to my original articles seven detector-found tumbrels were newly published and a fragmentary bone balance arm excavated in Bristol and published in 1986 was added to my list. These together bring the total of known tumbrels found in England at 1987 to 15 -  eight by detector users, five by archaeologists, and two by chance. Reference to the distribution map on the topography pages will show that these have come from a total of 12 sites (marked red) which are widely scattered throughout England but with an obvious bias to the eastern counties. Three of these sites produced more than one tumbrel - two medieval fair sites and a Premonastratensian Priory.

Since my original article appeared some 15 years ago it is perhaps not surprising that more finds have been made in the ensuing years. Seven new examples have been published on the Portable Antiquities Scheme website and I have plotted these (in green) on the distribution map. There is still a bias towards the eastern counties although one find from the Isle of Anglesey, the first recorded outside of England, could not be much further west and proves that tumbrels could turn up anywhere that money changed hands in the later-Medieval period. The cluster of finds in Lincolnshire (and what was briefly Humberside) may be the result of a closer relationship in that area between local archaeologists and the detecting fraternity. I have provided a link here to  The Portable Antiquities Scheme  where a search of the database on 'tumbrels' will produce the information on the seven recorded examples.

Another tumbrel that has come to my attention appeared for sale in Simmons mailbid 19 during 2001 (lot no.531). No provenance was given but it is suggested that it was found in England. It has a countermark of a crowned Lombardic 'M' which the seller attributes to Queen Mary on the basis that Lombardic lettering last appeared on coins of that reign. It does have a zoomorphic terminal not dissimilar to my catalogue no.11 and linear dotted decoration on the arms but the coin tray has an irregular rounded outline and in this respect is unlike any other in my catalogue. Stylistically the Tudor period may well be right for this example but its place of manufacture remains uncertain. Interestingly it is suggested that it was used to weigh more than one coin type - the penny and the shilling. Mention of adaptability to weigh more than one coin was made for my catalogue no.4, a find from Billingsgate. This may be a feature of later examples in England although tumbrels capable of weighing more then one type of coin are well known elsewhere principally in the Near East. A 19th century Turkish example capable of weighing six denominations is also listed and illustrated by the same seller (lot no.532), and also an earlier Byzantine specimen (lot no.530).

If anyone has any further knowledge of tumbrels or knows of any further finds I would be very grateful to receive the information in the strictest of confidence:-

crzmarshall@hotmail.com


www.chrmarshall.v-2-1.net/tumbrel1.htm
Chris Marshall, November 2002


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